^^cksl feLVªh**&usrkth dh e`R;q ds jgL; ds fy;s ;g miuke
Hkys gh vke u gqvk gks] ij fnYyh ds yky fdys ds ikl NksVh lh HkhM+HkkM+ okyh
txg ¼tks njly ml le; Hkkjr dk bUVsfytsal ^lsUVj* Fkk½ esa jgus okys fczfV”k
duZy us bl miuke dks [kklk viuk fy;k FkkA ;g O;fDr Fks th0Mh0 ,SUMjlu( tks
usrkth dh e`R;q vkSj muds rFkkdfFkr cpko ds lkjs igyqvksa ij [kkstchu djus
okyksa ds “kh’kZ eqf[k;k FksA tcls tkikuh yksxksa us usrkth dh e`R;q dk ,syku
fd;k Fkk] rHkh ls dbZ vaxzst] vejhdh vkSj Hkkjrh; vQlj ,d= dh x;h [kcjksa ij
fopkj vkSj iqu% fopkj djrs jgrsA rc ds bl fopkj&foe”kZ dks “kk;n gh vkt dk
Vh0oh0 tuZfyLV ^le>nkj* vkSj ^vPNs* dh laKk nsdj ipk ik;sA [kSj] ;g ckr 1946
dh gS] tc Hkkjr dh [kqfQ;k xfrfof/k;ksa dh ljxfeZ;ksa ds fljekSj Fks] jktk
gchc&mj&jgeku [kkuA bl 6 QqVs d”ehjh dh vk¡[kksa esa xt+c dh vku
Fkh&;g “kk;n jktlh ftn gks ;k dqN vkSj ij ml le; dh vaxzst+ lsuk ds dIrku
jgs] jktk gchc&mj&jgeku us lu~ 1942 esa vaxzst+ksa dh gkj dks [kwc
ns[kk FkkA ;g rc Fkk] tc cekZ esa vaxzstksa us tkikfu;ksa ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsds
FksA mudks ;g Hkkjrh; ugha] vaxzst+h gkj T+;knk yxrh Fkh vkSj blh tT+cs dh otg
ls estj eksgu flag vkSj estj bok;ph Qthojk us mUgsa U;kSrk fn;k fd og uofufeZr
vkbZ0,u0,0 dh deku laHkkysA jgeku dks ^vkWfQlj Vªsfuax Ldwy* dk dekUMesUV
fu;qDr fd;k x;kA ;gh og txg Fkh] tgk¡ gchc&mj&jgeku vkbZ0,u0,0 ds
lSfudksa dks “kfDr izf”k{k.k dh f”k{kk nsrs] ftlds cy ij og vius ^dHkh ekfyd
jgs* vaxzst+ksa dh Nkfr;ksa ij ¼canwdsa½ rku ldsaA
tkiku eas tc usrkth dh eqykdkr gchc ls gq;h] rks mudh vk¡[kksa
dk tks”k usrkth ls Nqik u jg ldk] vkSj mlds ckn og vkbZ0,u0,0 ds mi
lsuk&izeq[k vkSj usrkth ds ,0Mh0lh0 ds in ij fu;qDr gq;sA usrkth [kqn vc
vkt+kn fgUn ljdkj ds fljekSj FksA vkbZ0,u0,0 dk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr gchc dh usrkth
ds izfr J)k ls vutku ugha FkkA “kguokt ¼tks vkbZ0,u0,0 ds gh ,d eq[; fgLls jgs½
ds vuqlkj ysf¶V0 jgeku] mudss fy;s viuh tku Hkh U;kSNkoj dj ldrs FksA usrkth ds
lSU; lfpo jgs] duZy egcwc vgen ds eqrkfcd usrkth ds lkjs jkt+] rc rd jgeku ds
lhus esa n¶u Fks] tc rd [kqn usrkth mUgsa ckgj u ykuk pkgsaA 1970 ds n”kd esa
oQk dh bl nhokuxh dks ;kn djrs gq;s egcwc dk dguk Fkk] fd ml nkSj dk og tquwu
rc rd le> esa ugha vk ldrk tc rd vki vkbZ0,u0,0 esa u jgs gksa %
^^ge Hkkjr ds fy;s yM+ jgs Fks---Hkkjr cgqr vfuf”pr lk
Fkk---cgqr lafnX/k lk---njly ge usrkth ds fy;s yM+ jgs FksA**
lu~ 1946 esa jgeku ds ikl bl ^cksl jgL;* uked rkys dh pkHkh
FkhA jgeku dh ;kn esa] 11 vxLr] 1945 dks flaxkiqj ls djhc 100 ehy dh nwjh ij]
fljkecu ds ,d xsLV gkml esa] usrkth vius dqN lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk fiNys iUnzg
fnuksa ls fVds gq;s Fks&vkSj ,d ds ckn ,d vkus okyh cqjh [kcjksa dk lkeuk
dj jgs FksA lcls rktk feyh cqjh [kcj ds vuqlkj #l us igys gh iLr iM+s tkiku ij
vpkud /kkok cksy fn;k FkkA usrkth dk vkf[kjh lkFkh] tkiku vHkh fdlh Hkh oDr ne
rksM+ ldrk FkkA ;g [kcj mUgsa Qksu ds tfj;s estj tujy eks0 teu dh;kuh us nh
FkhA
13 vxLr dks flaxkiqj igqap dj usrkth us fcxM+s gq;s gkykr dk
tk;t+k fy;kA igys gh ijek.kq geyksa ls csgky tkiku vc eapwfj;k esa jsM vkehZ ds
f[kykQ yksgk ysus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkkA usrkth dks irk Fkk fd mudh yM+kbZ
[kRe gks pqdh gS vkSj og nq”euksa ds gkFk yxus okys gSaA vxys gh fnu] 14 vxLr
dks] usrkth us vius lkxj fdukjs fLFkr caxys ij ,d cSBd cqykbZA rc rd mUgsa irk
yx pqdk Fkk fd tkikuh lsuk vxys fnu vkReleiZ.k dh ?kks’k.kk djus okyh FkhA bl
vkReleiZ.k dk lkjk C;kSjk muds ikl ekStwn FkkA cSBd esa ,l0,0 v¸;j] MkW0 ,e0ds0
y{eS;k] ,0,u0 ljdkj] ,e0>sM0 fd;kuh] estj tujy vyxIiu] duZy th0vkj0 ukxj
vkSj gchc&mj&jgeku mifLFkr FksA dqN dh jk; Fkh fd ml le; usrkth dks
flaxkiqj esa gh jguk pkfg;s ^^D;ksafd ml oDr og fdlh vkSj ns”k ls enn dh
QjekbZ”k ugha dj ldrs FksA**
dqN vU; dk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd mUgas flaxkiqj esa
vkReleiZ.k ugha djuk pkfg;s D;ksafd ^^vaxzst+h ljdkj fxu fxu dj cnys ysxhA** ij
usrkth fdlh Hkh gksuh&vugksuh ds fy;s rS;kj Fks] ^^T;knk ls T;knk fnokj ls
lVkdj eq> ij xksyh pyk nsaxs---eSa blds fy;s rS;kj gw¡A** ^^vkt+kn fgUn QkSt
ds “kghnksa ds cfynku csdkj ugha tk;saxs---rqe yksxksa dks bl ckr dk [;ky j[kuk
gS fd geus ;gk¡ lqnwj iwoZ esa tks Hkh la?k’kZ fd;s] mlds ckjs esa gekjs ns”k
ds gj O;fDr dks irk gksA** oDr ls vkxs ns[kus okys usrkth us vkus okys le; dh
uCt+ igpku dj lcls dgk Fkk fd] og ml fnu ^^vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ esa ,d u;k tks”k
ns[ksaxs**] ftl fnu gj Hkkjrh; dks muds fd;s cfynkuksa dk irk yxsxkA cSBd ,d
egŸoiw.kZ QSlys ds lkFk [kRe gq;hA QSlyk Fkk % vkbZ0,u0,0 ,d vyx igpku ds lkFk
vkReleiZ.k djsxh&vkSj flaxkiqj fLFkr tkikuh eq[;ky; rd ;g ckr igqapuh FkhA
15 vxLr lqcg 8 cts] ;g lHkh yksx ,d ckj fQj ,d= gq;sA bl ckj
irk yxk Fkk fd] ^^flaxkiqj esa tkikuh dekUMj us vkt+kn fgUn ljdkj ds vyx
vkReleiZ.k ds ckjs esa dksbZ vk”oklu ugha fn;k FkkA muds vuqlkj lsuk ds ikl
,sls dksbZ funsZ”k ugha Fks vkSj ml oDr VksD;ks esa lEidZ lk/kuk eqf”dy Fkk(
ok;jySl nwjlapkj Hkh Bi iM+k gqvk FkkA**
vxyk fu.kZ; Fkk fd usrkth [kqn VksD;ks tkdj vkReleiZ.k ds
rjhdksa dks vkf[kjh fn”kk iznku djsaA blds fy;s mUgsa igys cSadkd tkuk Fkk ¼tks
rc vkt+kn fgUn ljdkj dh iz/kku lhV Fkh½ v¸;j] jgeku vkSj ys0 duZy izhre flag
flaxkiqj ls gh muds lkFk tkus okys Fks] tcfd estj ,u0th0 Lokeh] ,u0 jk?kou]
tkWu fFkoh ,oa estj tujy ,0lh0 pSVthZ ckn esa muls vk feyus okys FksA 16 vxLr
dh lqcg 9%30 cts cksl ,oa vU;] cSadkd dh rjQ jokuk gq;sA ogk¡ igqap dj cksl]
dh;kuh] jgeku] v¸;j] izhre vkSj vkbZ0,u0,0 ds lsuk izeq[k estj tujy ts0ds0
Hkksalys tkikuh vf/kdkfj;ksa( gkfp;k Vs#vks ¼vkt+kn fgUn ljdkj ds euksuhr ea=h½(
ysf¶V0 tujy lcwjks blksnk( vkSj duZy dxkok] tks fgdkjh fddu ls FksA ¼fgdkjh
fddu cksl dh ljdkj ls vkf/kdkfjd lEcU/k ,oa ckrphr j[kus okyh lSU; ;wfuV Fkh½
mudh ckrphr gq;h( ftlesa gkfp;k us vaxzsth bLrseky dhA mUgksaus
tkikuh vkSj vkbZ0,u0,0 ds vkReleiZ.k ij ckrsa dhaA gkfp;k vkSj blksnk us usrkth
dks crk;k fd mUgsa vkb0,u0,0 ds vkReleiZ.k ds ckjs esa tkikuh ljdkj ls dksbZ
vkns”k izkIr ugha gq;s gSa( vr% og mUgsa vkb0,u0,0 ds i`Fkd vkReleiZ.k ds
izLrko ij dksbZ lykg nsus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FksA** gkfp;k dk dguk Fkk fd cksl
dks lSxksu tkdj QhYM ek”kZy dkÅUV rsjkÅph fglk;ph ls ckr djuh pkfg;sA fglk;ph
nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f”k;k esa tkikuh QkSt ds eqf[k;k FksA usrkth dks ;g jk; Bhd
yxhA rsjkÅph vkSj gkfp;k ls mudk feyuk vPNk jgk vkSj blkSnk us muds lkFk lSxksu
vkus dh is”kd”k j[kh&tks fd vkt gks ph feUg “kgj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
17 vxLr dh nksigj dks lqulku lSxksu gokbZiêh ij nks gokbZ tgkt
mrjsA lcls igys fn[ks cksl] v¸;j] izhre] jgeku vkSj ,d vU; tkikuh vQljA fQj
vk;s gkfp;k] blksnk] duZy xqyt+kjk flag] nscukFk nkl] estj vkfcn glu ¼bUgksaus
,d iuMqCch esa cksl ds lkFk tkiku rd dh ;k=k r; dh Fkh½ usrkth dh vkf[kjh rLohj
rc [khaph x;h] tc og Iysu ls mrj jgs FksA
vkSj mlds ckn---Hkkjr ds
bfrgkl dh lcls fooknkLin gokbZ nq?kZVuk---A
2%30 cts] Iysu viuh ukd /khjs&/khjs mBkrs gq;s mM+ku Hkjus
yxkA vpkud ^^HkM+ke** dh ,d Hk;kud vkokt gq;hA fny ngykus okyh ;g vkokt lcls
igys] dSIVu ukdkeqjk us lquhA og erlw;kek gokbZ vìs ij esUVsusal vQlj ds in ij
dk;Zjr FksA mUgsa nwj ls tgkt+ ij ls dqN fxjrk fn[kkbZ iM+kA ¼;g tgkt+ ds
izkisyj vkSj iksVZ batu Fks½ jgeku us Hkh ;g Hk;kud vkokt+ lquhA
^^vkokt+ ds lkFk gh] tgkt dkairk&Mksyrk lk ukd ds cy uhps
fxjus yxk vkSj ,sls esa og nq%[k Hkjh vkokt lqukbZ nh( tks ,sls esa vDlj lqukbZ
nsrh gSA eSaus rqjUr viuk psgjk nksuksa gkFkksa ls <ad fy;k&ml oDr gekjs
flj uhps FksA ihNs j[ks gq;s iklZy esjs Åij fxj iM+s FksA**
ik;yVksa us Iysu dks dkcw djus dh Hkjld dksf”k”k dh] ij ukdke
jgsA TkkW;fLVd yxkrkj dkai jgh Fkh vkSj MS”kcksMZ dh lqbZ;ka vkis ls ckgj FkhaA
3 lsdsUMksa esa Iysu 300 fd0eh0 izfr ?k.Vs dh j¶rkj ls 300 QhV uhps FkkA tgkt+
Hk;kud rjhds ls fgyk vkSj eycs ds <sj ij ph[krk gqvk can gks x;kA jgeku
yq<+d x;s FksA muds ekFks ij tehu ij yxus ls xgjh pksV vk;h Fkh&og QV
x;k Fkk vkSj nkfgus ?kqVus ij fdlh l[r pht+ ls xgjh jxM+ yxh FkhA >Vds us
uksxkdh dks ckgj fxjk dj cpk fy;k Fkk] ij f”knbZ dh ekSr gks pqdh FkhA og
>Vds ls vke LVkjcksMZ ij fxj x;s Fks vkSj ihNs ls isVªksy VSad us muds flj
ij lh/kk geyk cksyk Fkk&flj pdukpwj gks pqdk Fkk( cpuk ukeqefdu FkkA ldbZ]
rkdkgk”kh vkSj vjbZ] le; jgrs gks”k esa vk x;s Fks vkSj cp dj ckgj fudy x;sA
estj dksuks us usrkth vkSj jgeku dks cpkus dh iwjh dksf”k”k dh&ij fxjs gq;s
isVªksy VSad dh otg ls og bu nksuksa ls fcYdqy vyx dV pqds FksA mUgksaus ik;yV
rkfdt+kok dks ejrs gq;s ns[kkA og vk;ksxh ds >qds psgjs dks ns[kus dh fgEer
ugha tqVk ik;sA vkf[kj dkWdfiV dh foUMLØhu dks rksM+ dj og ckgj dwn x;sA ØS”k
tgkt dk vxyk fgLlk QV x;k Fkk vkSj vc vkx dh yiVksa esa f?kj x;k FkkA ihNs dk
fgLlk fxjs gq;s iSdstksa dh otg ls fn[k ugha jgk Fkk( gchc&mj&jgeku dks
yxk fd] ^^vUr vc djhc gSA** usrkth dks flj esa Hkkjh pksV vk;h FkhA ij og [kM+s
gks pqds Fks vkSj vkx ls nwj gksdj esjh fn”kk esa c<+ jgs Fks] rkfd ihNs
okys fgLls ls tgkt ds ckgj fudy ldsaA ij ;g ukeqefdu FkkA tgkt+ ls ckgj fudyus
ds fy;s ,d bap dk jkLrk Hkh ugha Fkk gekjs ikl] lks eSaus muls dgk] ^^vkxs ls
fudfy;s usrkthA**
ij vkxs c<+us ij njokt+k ,d vkx ds xksys lk fn[kkA usrkth
vkx dh yiVksa esa ls dwnrs gq;s vkxs c<+s] ^^og nksuksa gkFkksa ls vkx ls
yM+rs gq;s c<+ jgs Fks---tc tgkt+ ØS”k gqvk] usrkth dh lwrh [kkdh ij ^Nikd*
ls isVªksy fxjk] vkSj og vkxs tgkt+ dh ukd ls yksgk ysrs gq;s tSls gh c<+s]
mudh [kkdh esa vkx yx x;h---eSa mUgha yiVkas esa muds ihNs HkkxkA ckgj fudyus
ij] eSaus mUgas [kqn ls 10 xt dh nwjh ij] vius ls mYVh( if”pe fn”kk esa ns[krs
gq;s ik;kA muds diM+ksa esa vkx yxh gq;h Fkh( eSaus nkSM+rs gq;s muds ikl tkdj
mudh csYV [kksyus dh dksf”k”k dh---ij eq>s eqf”dy T;knk gks jgh FkhA
mUgksaus LosVj ugha iguk Fkk vkSj D;ksafd mudh iSaV esa vkx ugha yxh blfy;s mls
fudkyuk bruk t#jh ugha FkkA og [kkdh fMªy igus gq;s FksA eSaus mUgsa tehu ij
fyVk fn;k vkSj muds flj esa cka;ha rjQ ,d xgjh pksV ns[khA mudk psgjk vkSj cky
vkx ls cqjh rjg >qyl x;s FksA flj esa djhc pkj bap xgjh pksV yxh FkhA
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